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Tamoxifen for men, enhances therapy in male infertility

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Tamoxifen for men therapy in male infertility

Tamoxifen for men with idiopathic oligozoospermia. An oligozoospermia decreased number of spermatozoa in semen. In humans it accounts for 40-50% of infertility. It affects approximately 7% of all men. Male infertility is commonly due to deficiencies in the semen, and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity.

More than 90% of male infertility cases are due to low sperm count or poor quality sperm, according to research. Sperm-related problems , such as weak sperm that don’t move quickly enough. They are not formed properly, or that the seminal fluid may be too thick thus preventing easy motility.

Other causes of male infertility may be due to anatomical or psychological problems, hormonal imbalances and possibly genetic defects.

Tamoxifen citrate therapy in male infertility. The combination of tamoxifen plus testosterone was reported to improve the sperm situation. Tamoxifen citrate plus T undecanoate treatment produced a satisfactory improvement of total sperm number, motility, and functional sperm fraction after 3 and 6 months.

The testosterone undecanoate with tamoxifen citrate enhances the effects of each agent given independently on seminal parameters in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia.

What is Tamoxifen

A medication that is used to prevent breast cancer in women and treat breast cancer in women and men.  Available as a generic medication. It is listed on the World Health Organization’s of Essential Medicines. It blocks the actions of estrogen, a female hormone. Certain types of breast cancer require estrogen to grow.

Tamoxifen is one of three drugs in an anti-angiogenetic protocol developed by Dr. Judah Folkman, a researcher at Children’s Hospital at Harvard Medical School in Boston.

How does tamoxifen work in treating breast cancer?

Tamoxifen is currently used for the treatment of both early and advanced estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (ER+) breast cancer in pre- and post-menopausal women. The most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Although antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in the past few years as the clinicians are over using these meds in their patients. Last year, the World Health Organization warned that we are heading toward a “post-antibiotic era” unless more is done to tackle the issue.

As a prodrug, having relatively little affinity for its target protein, the estrogen receptor (ER). It is metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 into active metabolites such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen which have 30–100 times more affinity with the ER than tamoxifen itself.

Also used to prevent estrogen-related gynecomastia

Tamoxifen is used to prevent estrogen-related gynecomastia, resulting from elevated estrogenic levels. It is taken as a preventative measure in small doses, or used at the onset of any symptoms such as nipple soreness or sensitivity. Other drugs are taken for similar purposes such as clomiphene citrate and the anti-aromatase drugs which are used in order to try to avoid the hormone-related adverse effects. Tamoxifen is also sometimes used to treat or prevent gynecomastia in sex offenders undergoing temporary chemical castration.

Tamoxifen side effects include a small increased risk of uterine cancer

Some cases of lower-limb lymphedema have been associated with the use of tamoxifen, due to the blood clots and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that can be caused by this medication. Resolution of the blood clots or DVT is needed before lymphedema treatment can be initiated.

Tamoxifen may also cause non-cancerous changes in the uterus. In some women, it may increase the risk of blood clots or endometrial cancer. Tamoxifen for men/ Image Source

Measles outbreak cases update 2017

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The measles outbreak anti-vaccination campaigns and misinformation has resulted in vaccination rates in the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine falling from 95% of children in 2013 to 80% in 2016, and it continues to drop.


There are 13 fatality cases in Romania due to misinformation of measles vaccines have mercury, cause asthma and introduce foreign elements into the body. These are some of the arguments of the anti-vaccination campaigns that have caused in Romania a measles epidemic that has already claimed 13 lives, according to report.

“Incorrect information, often tendentious, not based on scientific methods or real data must end so that they do not affect the health of our children,” says the president of the Romanian Society of Microbiology, Alexandru Rafila, who accuses To those outbreak campaigns.

The Romania measles outbreak has tentacles and has affected other countries in the European Union, according to the ECDC.

If in 2015 there were only 15 cases of measles in the country, since 2016 have already been counted 2,165, of which 13 resulted in death. Most of the dead were children under two years of age.

Measles is extremely infectious and its continued circulation in a community. It depends on the generation of susceptible hosts by birth of children. In communities which generate insufficient new hosts the disease will die out.

Measles outbreak vaccination rates in the measles-mumps-rubella package have fallen. From 95% of children in 2013 to 80% in 2016, a figure that continues to fall.

Due to parents refusing to let their children receive vaccination. In Ireland, vaccination was introduced in 1985. There were 99,903 cases that year. Within two years, the number of cases had fallen to 201. This fall was not sustained. Measles is a leading cause of vaccine-preventable childhood mortality.

The Ministry of Health has been denouncing “the irresponsible campaigns against the vaccination of children” months. The message has been gaining support, especially last year.

Measles outbreak vaccinated vs unvaccinated

One of the best known detractors of vaccines is Christei Todea-Gross. A family doctor who in 2012 published a book entitled “Vaccines: Prevention or Illness?” report said.

“The most common cause of asthma in children is still vaccines,” says Efe Todea-Gross.

When asked about the current epidemic and the 13 dead he has left. The vice president of the Christian Orthodox Pro Vita Federation dismisses any relationship with vaccination.

“The causes of the deaths should be unrelated to vaccination. Due to lack of care by the parents to avoid diseases that do not present complications or also due to poor nutrition, which makes the defenses are low,” he explains.

Pro Vita is not the only religious organization that has launched campaigns against vaccines.

US, Salt Lake County Health Department released information. Regarding the investigation of the first case of measles in Salt Lake County since 2011.

A review of 18 measles studies and 32 pertussis studies published last week.  In the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) found that parents who intentionally do not have their children vaccinated contribute to disease outbreaks, though other factors are likely at work, as well.

Measles and pertussis whooping cough both highly contagious.

The US declared measles outbreak eradication in 2000.  It has recently resurged, with 667 cases in 2014 and 189 in 2015.  According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Pertussis dropped to fewer than 2,000 US cases for several years in the 1970s.  Also ’80s before roaring back to more than 48,000 cases in 2012, a 60-year high, according to the CDC.

Based on information about how prevalent nine diseases. Polio, measles, mumps, rubella and hepatitis A, among others, were in the time before vaccines. A study published in AIMS Public Health estimates the number of cases prevented, and thus deaths averted, through vaccinations for those diseases between 1963 and 2015. It puts the number of prevented deaths at 10.3 million across the globe.